Eiffilov stolp

4 December, 2008 / Arhitekturne znamenitosti Ob 100 obletnici, ki jo Francozi povezujejo s francosko revolucijo, so leta 1889 v Parizu pripravili svetovno razstavo.
Na razstavi, ki jo je takrat obiskalo preko 25 milijonov ljudi, je bil glavni povdarek na železno arhitekturo. Zgradili so namreč 300 m visok železni stolp. Načrte za stolp je naredil Gustav Eiffl. Predstavljena je bila tudi 400 m dolga dvorana za razstavo strojev po načrtih skupine inženirjev. Nadaljnja znamenitosti so vasi iz francoskih kolonij, v katerih "pravi" domorodci opravljajo svoja dela pred očmi množice.


Effilov stolp med gradnjo leta 1888

Glavna privlačna točka pa je vendarle bil Effilov stolp. Pri vseh opazovalcih je izzival občudovanje in osuplost - prav tako, kot Steklena palača na londonski svetovni razstavi leta 1851, ki je bila zgrajena po načrtu Josepha Paxtona in je prvič naznanila zasteklene železne konstrukcije 20. stoletja.
V 19. stoletju predvsem inženirji ustvarjajo novo funkcionalno arhitekturo; njene oblike ustrezajo industrijskim potrebam in ne izvirajo iz estetskih namenov.
V Združenih državah Amerike se je od sredine 19. stoletja hitro razvijala predvsem gradnja z jeklom, kar kažeta Niagarski most in Broklynski most, oba iz leta 1869. V nastajanju novih gradbenih tehnik pa so najpomembnejši postopki skeletne gradnje, ki jo razvijata chicaška šola in njen mojster Louis Henry Sullivan. Na podlagi tega lahko gradijo prve nebotičnike (1885), za katere se zavzemajo lastniki zemljišč, da bi izredno draga mestna zemljišča gospodarsko kar najbolje izkoristili.


Dimenzije
Višina: 300,65 m
Višina, do antene: 320,75 m (1957) in leta 200 - 324,00 m
Teža strukture stolpa: 7 000 t
1 Višina do prve platforme:  57,63 m in tlorisna površina 4 200 m2
2 Višina do druge platforme: 115,73 m in tlorisne površine 1 400 m2
3 Višina do tretje platforme: 276,13 m, s površino 350 m2

Komentarji uporabnikov:

LogojICRSnLCLogojICRSnLC
2012-05-02 20:49:48

A great, inspiring story. No doubt, when a psoern actually has access to healthcare, like the story told above, in an emergency, we are great (I myself am a former patient of Duke after being diagnosed with cancer as a child). The problem is when people don't have access to preventative healthcare or face a chronic illness that requires ongoing physician management. Here are just 2 people with very different outcomes: 1 -Not long ago, a young Ohio woman named Trina Bachtel, who was having health problems while pregnant, tried to get help at a local clinic. Unfortunately, she had previously sought care at the same clinic while uninsured and had a large unpaid balance. The clinic wouldn’t see her again unless she paid $100 per visit — which she didn’t have.Eventually, she sought care at a hospital 30 miles away. By then, however, it was too late. Both she and the baby died.2 Back in 2006, The Wall Street Journal told another such story: that of a young woman named Monique White, who failed to get regular care for lupus because she lacked insurance. Then, one night, “as skin lesions spread over her body and her stomach swelled, she couldn’t sleep.”The Journal’s report goes on: “Mama, please help me! Please take me to the E.R.,” she howled, according to her mother, Gail Deal. “O.K., let’s go,” Mrs. Deal recalls saying. “No, I can’t,” the daughter replied. “I don’t have insurance.”She was rushed to the hospital the next day after suffering a seizure — and the hospital spared no expense on her treatment. But it all came too late; she was dead a few months later.


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